The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Coccinia grandis showed the presence of Saponins which were considered to be responsible for its pharmacological activity (Analgesic activities).Therefore Coccinia grandis was considered to possess analgesic activities. The investigations on Coccinia grandis were found to produce positive results towards the evidence of Analgesic activities. The data obtained from Analgesic activities experiments clearly suggested that the analgesic activities of Coccinia grandis were dose dependent.
2.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE ON WISTAR RATS
The investigations on Gymnema sylvestre were found to produce positive results towards the evidence of antiinflammatory. The data obtained from anti-inflammatory, of Gymnema sylvestre were dose dependent. It also can be noted that the combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Diclofenac had a synergistic effect in curing inflammation. Finally our studies concluded that Gymnema sylvestre had both anti-inflammatory, hence it is worth drug in quick wound healing of diabetic patient.
3.
ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAF OF INDIGOFERA SUFFRUCTICOSA MILL
This desertion was designed based on the traditional claim to emphasize the antihyperglycaemic, antioxidant potential of the aqueous extract of leaf of Indigofera suffructicosa Mill. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the AEIS showed that the plant has a rich possession of phytochemicals like alkaloids, reducing sugars, tannins and phenols. Terpenoids, gums and mucilage were absent in the extracts. Acute oral toxicity studies reveal that AEIS did not produce any mortality or signs of toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w.p.o, in experimental rats. Treatment of AEIS shown moderate hypoglycaemic effect on normal animals and significant improvement in glucose tolerance on glucose fed hyperglycaemic rats. No significant reduction of blood glucose level was observed o the acute treatment of AEIS in STZ induced diabetic rats. In the sub acute study a steady decrease in blood glucose level was observed on AEIS treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. The treatment of AEIS showed marked increase in body weight, decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin, marked increase in protein; HDL cholesterol levels in serum of STZ induced diabetic animals. At the same time significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine levels was observed in serum of diabetic animals. The antioxidant study revealed that the hepatic antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) are significantly decreased in STZ induced diabetic animals with high degree of lipid peroxidation. The enzyme levels increased significantly on treatment with AEIS
4.
LAXATIVE ACTIVITY OF FRUIT PULP EXTRACT OF MUSA BALBISIANA, VITIS VINIFERA, BETA VULGARIS, MALUS DOMESTICA, CITRUS SINENSIS AND ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA
The laxative activity of fruits (Musa balbisiana, Vitis vinifera, Beta vulgaris, Malus domestica, Citrus sinensis and Ziziphus jujuba) was studied in rats. The results showed that an oral administration of the fruit pulp extract produced significant and crude fiber dependant increase in faeces output of rats.
5.
CHALCONE AS A POTENT FLXIBLE MOIETY FOR VARIOUS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Sreelakshmi M*, Shine Sudev, Dhanya K, Anju Jose, Swathi V
Chalcones are pharmacologically important active heterocyclic compound, chemically they are derivatives of 1,3- diphenylprop-2-en-1-one. They are considered as the precussor for both flavonoids and isoflavonoids. They are found to be important for the pigmentation of flowers so that they act as attractants to the pollinators. Since they are the precussors for flavonoid synthesis, chalcons also plays major role in defense against pathogens and insects. This review aims to summerizze the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of chalcon and their derivatives.
6.
COST ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY VISITS DUE TO DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS
To identify patients coming to Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) with drug related problems, classify the DRPs and calculate the direct cost spent for treating them. This was a prospective observational study conducted in emergency medicine department. The patients coming to EMD with DRPs were classified according to Cipolle’s classification and the direct medical and non medical costs were calculated. A total of around 107 patients identified with DRPs of which 99 patients were included in the study. In this study, 51% of the cases were due to ADR and 35% due to non adherence and rest of the cases were due to overdose (10%), drug interaction (3%) and sub therapeutic dose (1%). Major portion for treatment was spent for direct medical cost in which cost for laboratory investigations have contributed the most, INR 10, 93,992 (42%) followed by Health care professional cost INR 55, 6814 (21%), Pharmacy cost INR 4, 00,524.6 (15%), Admission cost INR 3, 80,400 (15%).The direct non medical cost includes cost for diet and travel which was found to be INR 1, 68,443and INR 71,947respectively. The drug related problems adds a significant economic burden on the patients which can be reduced by imparting knowledge about the proper use of medicines and by improving collaborative efforts of the patients, physicians, pharmacists and caregivers.