The floating tablet containing Acyclovir were successfully prepared by using different polymers Guar gum and
Ethyl cellulose by direct compression method. MCC was used as diluents. The physiochemical evaluation
results for the granules of all trials pass the official limits in angle of repose, compressibility index indicating
passable flow property. The prepared dry mixer for floating tablets were also maintained the physiochemical
properties of tablets such as thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability. The optimized formulation F7
contains the average thickness of 3.05mm, average hardnes 7.1kg/cm2, friability of 0.12%.?Although the
Buoyancy lag time of formulation was 5 minutes, it released the acyclovir in sustained manner up to 12 hours.
The in Vitro dissolution profiles were found to extend the drug release over a period of 12 hours and the drug
release was found to decrease with an increase in concentration of polymer.
Key words: oral thin film, Sumatriptan succinate, folding endurance

The main objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate oral thin film containing Sumatriptan succinate.
The 4 and 5 % w/v HPMC, PVA, CMC films were prepared by solvent casting method. Compatibility of
Sumatriptan with polymers was confirmed by FT-IR studies. films were evaluated for weight variation and
thickness showed satisfactory results. Tensile strength and folding endurance of the films were increased with
increase in the concentration of polymer due to increase in the elasticity nature of the polymer. Mouth
dissolving time and disintegration time of the films were increased with increase in the concentration of the
polymer, as more fluid is required to wet the film in the mouth. The presence of disintegrant showed a
considerable effect on the disintegration time of the films. Content uniformity study showed that the drug is
uniformly distributed in the film. No differences were observed in invitro dissolution of drug from the film I -
VI as the film instantly gets wet by dissolution medium. Present study reveals that all the formulated films
showed satisfactory film parameters. It can be concluded that, Oral thin film-containing Sumatriptan can be
prepared by solvent casting method. 4% w/v of HPMC (FV) film exhibited required tensile strength, folding
endurance and disintegration time. The drug release was about 98.5 % in 300 seconds.
Key words: oral thin film, Sumatriptan succinate, folding endurance

The drug selected for the study was Efavirenz which is used in treatment of AIDS and belongs to BCS class II
drug with poor aqueous solubility. Therefore the present study was planned to improve solubility and dissolution
rate of Efavirenz through solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersions of Efavirenz were prepared using PVPK30,
starch as carrier in indifferent drug :carrier ratio 1:5, 1:10, 1:15 by employing solvent evaporation method. The
prepared solid dispersion was evaluated for % drug content and saturation solubility studies. From the results of
saturation solubility studies it was observed that there was decrease in solubility of drug as carrier concentration
increase in physical mixtures containing starch but when compared with solid dispersion. The solubility increase 3
folds to thatpure drug with carrier concentration increases. While in case of PVPK30 in physical mixtures and
solid dispersions as concentration increases, solubility also increases 3 folds to that of pure drug. These solid
dispersion were used for preparation of effervescent granules by using citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium
bicarbonate. These granules were evaluated for various physicochemical properties i.e., bulk density, tapped
density, hausner’s ratio, carr’s index and angle of repose. The results were found to be within the prescribed limits
indicating good flow property of granules. The prepared granules were also evaluated for %maisture content, %
drug content and effervescence time and from the results the drug content was found to be in the range content
among various formulations. The moisture content was found to be within the range of a minimum of 0.01 ±0.01
and maximum of 0.08 ±0.01 indicates the ability, free flow ability. From the results of the present study it can be
concluded that the solubility of the drug can be significantly enhanced with the natural polymer as that of the
synthetic polymer when compared to that of pure drug the order of increase in solubility is SDS 15> SDP15>
PMS5> SDP10> PMP15> PMP10> SDS110> PMP5> SDS5> PMS10> PMS15. The order of increase in
dissolution rate was found to be SDS15> SDS5> PMS5> PMS10> SDS10> PMS15> SDP15> SDP5> SDP10->
PMP5> PMP10> PMP15. Formulation containing 1:15 ratio of drug:starch is considered as best formulation as it
has shown highest drug release in short time i.e., 99.96% in 3.30 min. Therefore starch can be successfully
employed for developing effervescent granules of poorly soluble drugs like efavirenz with solid dispersion
technique.
Key words: Efavirenz, solid dispersion technique, effervescent granules

Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size. Nanotechnology explores electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as well as structural behavior at the molecular and sub molecular level. It has the potential to revolutionize a series of medical and biotechnology tools and procedures so that they are portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. Due to their exceptional properties including antibacterial activity, high resistance to oxidation and high thermal conductivity, nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Metallic nanoparticles that have immense applications in industries are of different types, namely, Gold, Silver, Alloy, magnetic etc. This study aims to develop polymeric nanoparticles of acyclovir using PLGA, TPGS. The prepared formulations were evaluated for compatibility and invitro drug release studies and the results were found to be positive. Key Words: Nanoparticles, silver, bactericidal, thermal conductivity

The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of some substituted furyl-, imidazolyl- and piperazinyl-quinazolin-4-ones. In the synthetic route o-aminobenzoic acid on bromination in presence of glacial acetic acid forms 2-amino- 5-bromo-benzoic acid 1 and 2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzoic acid. Synthesis of the parent quinazolin-4-one ring structure, its molecular modifications by attaching different pharmacophoric groups of existing bioactive agents to the quinazolin-4-one ring system. Piperazinyl-quinazolin-4-ones (16-19) a-f: Compounds 17f, 18a, and 19f demonstrated potent activity among the series compared to standard vincristine. Compounds 16bd, 17b, and 18c had moderate anticancer activity. Hence necessary structural modifications have to be made to improve the potency of these compounds so as to develop them into clinically useful antibacterial and antifungal agents. Key Words: Quinazolin-4-ones

Dioscorea hispida, also known as the Indian three-leaved yam, is a species of yam in the genus Dioscorea, native to South and Southeast Asia. The present study highlights the anti-inflammatory activity of the Dioscorea hispida leaves. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves were performed and revealed the presence of Alkaloids, phenolic compounds and saponins. The invitro anti-inflammatory activity of total aqueous and total alcoholic extracts were performed by protein denaturation method using diclofenac as standard. The total alcoholic and total aqueous extracts shown to have significant anti- inflammatory activity

In the medical arena, the treatment of skin diseases with the aid of light has been performed since 1400 BC [1]. Since then it was applied in several areas of medicine. Compared to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, PDT (Photodynamic therapy) based cancer treatment significantly reduces side effects and improves target specificity [2, 3]. The use of PDT can be extended to other areas of medicine to treat resistant pathogens, because irrational use of antibiotics and the failure of some patients to complete their treatment regimen also exacerbate the problem. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin - resistant enterococci are two resistant species that are causing much concern at present [4].The outgrowth of this serious threat made the scientists around the globe to lead major research work to find alternative antibacterial therapeutics to which, bacteria will not be easily able to develop resistance. At present, one of the best alternative and novel therapy available is PDT and numerous studies, that have examined photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, cancer cells was found to be promising. This review focus on insights of photodynamic therapy and their future perspective. 

Buccal delivery is considered to be an imperativesubstitute to the peroral route for the systemic administration of
drugs, as it considered the most appropriate, easy, safest route of administration. Oral mucosa has rich vasculization,
offers better permeability to many drugs and it act as an excellent site for the absorption of drugs. Orodispersible
film is used as a novel approach, which when placed in the oral cavity disintegrate or dissolve within a few seconds
without the intake of water and directly reaches to the systemic circulation. Oral film technology fulfills all the
requirements of potential solid dosage form. It is an alternative platform for molecules that undergoes high first pass
metabolism. A wide variety of drugs such as cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines, antiasthmatics,
neuroleptics etc. can be formulated as Orodispersible film. There are various techniques are accessible including
solvent casting, semisolid casting, hot melt extrusion, solid dispersion extrusion to fabricate the oral dispersible films
at the buccal cavity. The present article overview the characteristic features, formulation components, methods of
preparation, and evaluation, marketed products and future prospects of orodispersible films.
Key Words: Orodispersible film, Buccal delivery, Fast dissolving, Oral soluble film

A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of sildenafil citrate dosage forms.
Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of
Triethylamine: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v), with detection of 290 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 2.5-7.5 μg /ml
for sildenafil citrate (r2 =0.994) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement
with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery
studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly
encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis,
showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of
pharmaceutical dosage form.

Aim of the estimation of Lamivudine and Raltegravir was done by RP-HPLC. The assay of Lamivudine and
Raltegravir was performed with tablets and the % assay was found to be 100.48 and 98.84 which shows that the
method is useful for routine analysis. The linearity of Lamivudine and Raltegravir was found to be linear with a
correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.999, which shows that the method is capable of producing good sensitivity.
The acceptance criteria of precision is RSD should be not more than 2.0% and the method show precision 1.31
and 0.96 for Lamivudine and Raltegravir which shows that the method is precise.

A new simple accurate and economical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was
developed for the determination of Thiocolchicoside and Flupirtine Maleate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The
separation was eluted on a C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5μ) using a mobile phase mixture of mixed
phosphate buffer 6.5 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 50:50 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The detection was made
at 255 nm. The retention times were 1.96min for Malic acid, 2.52min for Thiocolchicoside and 4.97min for
Flupirtine. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 4-24μg/ml for Thiocolchicoside and
50to300 μg/ml for Flupirtine. The propose method was validated as per the ICH guidelines parameters like
Linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness. The method was accurate, precise,
specific and rapid found to be suitable for the quantitative analysis of the drug and dosage form.

The estimation of Repaglinide and Metformin was done by RP-HPLC. The assay of Repaglinide and Metformin was
performed with tablets and the % assay was found to be 99.97 and 100.01 which shows that the method is useful for
routine analysis. The linearity of Repaglinide and Metformin was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of
0.999 and 0.999, which shows that the method is capable of producing good sensitivity. The acceptance criteria of
precision is RSD should be not more than 2.0% and the method show precision 0.25 and 0.24 for Repaglinide and
Metformin which shows that the method is precise.

In this present study was to formulate and evaluate sustained release microsphere gel loaded sitagliptin in
order to maintain a sustained drug concentration in serum for longer period of time, which may result in
enhanced absorption and thereby improved bioavailability. The results of compatibility studies by infrared
spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry showed no interaction between the drug and polymers. The
microgel of sustained release microspheres of sitagliptin phosphate were successfully prepared by non-aqueous
solvent evaporation technique. All formulations F1 to F9 micropheres were evaluated for particle size analysis
mean particle size range 30.32 to 42.75 μm. Mean particle size range of sitagliptin microspheres were in the
range of suitable size range. The F8-EH shows the maximum drug content values of 97.92% Percentage
Encapsulation efficiency of the F8 – 48.65 %. As the polymer concentration was increased the drug
entrapment efficiency % was increased due to increase in the viscosity of the solution. The present
investigation state that if the drugs are soluble in the solvent system, it results in high drug encapsulation
efficiency than that of dispersed in the solvent system. The elimination of the drugs from the prepared
microspheres highly dependent on the concentration of the polymer used, as the amount of the polymer
increased the encapsulation efficiency of the microsphere increased because of the good matrix formation.