Justicia simplex D. Don (Family: Acanthaceae) is traditionally used as diuretic, stomachic, expectorant, anthelmintic, diaphoretic. The present study was aimed to carry out the diuretic activity of methanolic extracts of Justicia simplex D. Don in rats. The Methanolic extracts was administered orally at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg using furosemide as a standard drug.The results showed that both the dose (200mg/Kg & 400mg/Kg)of methanolic extract showed significant diuresis relatively the dose of methanolic extract 400mg/Kg has shown more activity than methanolic extract of 200mg/Kg. The findings concluded that Justicia simplex D. Don exhibit diuresis

The Bivarient tablet regimen is used when maximum relief needs to be achieved quickly and it is followed by a sustained release phase. It also avoids repeated administration of drug. The Bivarient system has Hydrochlorothiazide for immediate release with superdisintegrants which increase rate and start onset of action whereas Verapamil hydrochloride sustained release layer float due to gas generating agent and releases drug at sustained manner for prolonged period. Verapamil hydrochloride has pH dependent solubility. It has antihypertensive category therefore necessary to facilitate prolong duration of action of drug. Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic used necessary to facilitate immediate onset of action. The purpose of the present work was to design development and characterisation of Bivarient tablet for antihypertensive drug delivery. A floating drug delivery system was developed using gas forming agents, like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and hydrocolloids like HPMC and Carbopol. This Bivarient formulation floats more than 10h. Kinetic release study reveals that release mechanism is following First order.The optimized formulation was selected based on in vitro dissolution characteristics and disintegration time in 0.1N HCl. Finally the tablet formulations found to be economical and may overcome the drawbacks associated with the drug during its absorption.

The Bi-varient tablet regimen is innovative drug delivery system. This is novel type of dosage form for oral administration in which one layer contains floating sustained release drug and another layer contains immediate release drug. This biCombination therapy has various advantages over mono therapy such as problem of dose dependent side effects minimized. A low-dose combination of two different agents reduces the dose-related risk; the addition of one agent may counteract some deleterious effects of the other. The term Bi-varient tablets refers to tablet containing subunits that may be either the same or different. Bi-varient tablets allow for designing and modulating the dissolution and release characteristics and they are prepared with one layer of drug for immediate release. Bi-varient tablets are preferred when the release profiles of the drugs are different from one another. While second layer designed to release drug latter, either as second dose or in an extended release manner.

Key words:  Bivarient tablet regimen, biphasic release, floating sustained release

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone alterations and synovitis. This synovitis is due to decreased synovial fluid volume at joints, this leads to friction develops between joints and inflammation also occurred. To reduce this inflammation NSAIDs are drug of choice. Since the half-life of Diclofenac Sodium is 3 times greater in synovial fluid than compared to plasma and having good anti inflammation activity. Diclofenac Sodium is having some disadvantages, this drug causes gastric hemorrhage, gastric irritation and the dosing frequency is twice or thrice a day. To avoid these complications, reduce dosing frequency and for controlled release and localized action of drug, nanoparticles in suspension form is suitable for therapeutic efficacy. In this present work, nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using Chitosan as polymer. This cationic polymer forms gel like structure when interact with negatively charged hyaluronic acid present in synovial fluid. This formed gel increases the viscosity and reduce friction between synovial joints with increase in flexibility of moment. Nanoparticles were prepared by using different concentrations of polymer. The best formulation was optimized and evaluated by using different parameters. F1 formulation showed 92.33±3.50% entrapment efficiency, 64.90±2.29% loading efficiency and 80.6±3.50% drug release for 14 days. In vivo study was conducted in osteoarthritis induced (carrageenan and kaolin) rats.     

Key words: Diclofenac Sodium, Chitosan, Osteoarthritis, Synovial fluid Nanoparticles, Intraarticular route.

The aim of this work is to design oral sustained release tablets of using hydrophilic polymers, and thus increasing patient compliance by reducing its frequency of administration. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and carbopol. The compatibility of the drug with the various used excipients was studied using FTIR. The effects of polymer concentration, polymer viscosity and binary mixtures of some polymers on the in vitro drug release were studied. Results of FT-IR confirmed drug-excipients compatibility. The different prepared tablet formulae exhibited content uniformity within the acceptable limit and showed good mechanical properties.  The stability studies showed that the drug content for the best formulation remained same even after storing for three month at different temperatures.

Key words: Valsartan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, carbopol, sustain release

In the present study an attempt has been made to develop carvedilol matrix tablets using hydrophilic polymers (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and carbopol). The matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method. All the physico chemical parameters like hardness, friability and drug content have been evaluated. Results of the present study demonstrated that combination of hydrophilic polymers could be successfully employed for formulating controlled release matrix tablets of carvedilol.

Key words: carvedilol, hydrophilic polymer, sustain release matrix tablet

Isolation of crude flavonoids from citrus fruits was carried out and isolated crude flavonoids were formulated to topical gel. Formulated gel was evaluated for parameters such as physical appearance, pH, spreadibility, stability, extrudability and viscosity. Results revealed formulated gel was stable and it is suitable for topical application. In vitro anti-cancer activity of formulated gel was carried out by MTT assay against three skin cancer cell lines (A375, NF-103, and HSC-1). Formulated gel showed moderate and good activity against cancer cell lines.
Key words: crude flavonoids, citrus fruits, topical gel, skin cancer cell lines.

The main aim of the present work is to develop a simple, precise, rapid and accurate   RP- HPLC method for the estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in Injectable Solution, and it should be validated according to the ICH recommended guidelines. A wavelength 248nm was selected and the mobile phase consists of Heptane-1 sulphonic acid and Adjust pH to (+/-0.05) with dilute glacial acetic acid and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 85:15 v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min were found to be optimum conditions for analysis. Cefepime and Tazobactam show linearity in the range of 50-150µg/ml. The accuracy of Cefepime and Tazobactam studies showed % recovery of the 98.0% to 102.0%. Robustness studies reveal that the method was reliable. Key words: Cefepime, Tazobactam, RP- HPLC, validation 

Synthesis of some novel 2-(N-substituted amino)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester derivatives was carried and evaluated by spectral studies. The compounds (2a-2d) were screened for preliminary cytotoxic evaluation on germinating seeds of Vigna radiate (mung bean) for rapid and inexpensive screening of drugs exhibiting cytotoxic properties. Aspirin was used as a standard drug. The compounds 2a and 2c have shown good anti-mitotic activity at 5 mg/ml as par with aspirin at 2 mg/ml. The compounds (2a-2d) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. Ibuprofen was used as standard. All the synthesized compounds and standard were used at 100 µg/ml concentration. The compound 2d having 4-amino phenyl group showed maximum activity (72.72 %). Key Words: Benzo [B] Thiophene derivatives, anti-inflammatory, anti-mitotic activity. 

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) unit is a vital component of every clinical set up to provide the best patient care. To reach and achieve the complete therapeutic response the attainment of the desired therapeutic drug concentration is obligatory. This TDM prospective study intended to evaluate the possible link between the serum drug concentration and clinical response of doxophylline (DOXO) in treating bronchial asthma patients. Forty four (44) patients were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Trough doxophylline steady state serum concentration was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique. The union between the expected therapeutic response and DOXO serum concentration was analyzed. Mean drug dose was 15.83±4.02 mg/Kg/day and mean total serum DOXO concentration was 21.3±9.84 µg/ml correspondingly. Mean doxophylline drug clearance was 30.26±7.67 (ml/Kg/h). Serum DOXO levels were in therapeutic range for 71% and sub-therapeutic range for 29% of asthma patients. Amongst the patients with sub-therapeutic DOXO serum levels, 62% patients arrived at complete response and 23% of asthmatics achieved partial response. The success of treatment was also analyzed based on the smoking habit and gender of patients. Smokers group had more number of patients who had no response when compared to the non-smokers group. The correlation between the serum DOXO levels and therapeutic response was very poor. Hence this study shows that therapeutic drug monitoring of doxophylline will add value only in non-responsive bronchial asthma patients and in patients vulnerable to adverse events with standard doses of doxophylline. KEYWORDS Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), doxophylline, bronchial asthma 

ABSTRACT
Many plants possess hepatoprotective activity that exhibits additive or synergistic activity. In this study, a chloroform extract extracted from Helicanthes elastica was evaluated for in vitro hepatoprotective activity by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against CCl4 induced toxicity. The viability of cells were evaluated by direct observation of cells by Inverted phase contrast microscope and followed by MTT assay method. The study indicates positive hepatoprotective activity of the extract Helicanthes elastica (aerial parts) in vitro against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.
Key Words: MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), hepatoprotective, synergistic.

The present study is mainly focused on the pharmacognostical features of the plant Polycarpaea aurea Wight & Arn (caryophyllaceae). It is an annual or perennial erect herb, 30cm height, sometimes shorter. The macroscopical, microscopical and microchemical evaluations were carried out. Microscopical evaluation reveals the presence of epidermis, fibres, sclerenchyma, medullary ray, vascular bundle and ground tissue. The physico-chemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values and foreign matter of the plant were also carried out. The species of Polycarpaea are used for many medicinal purposes such as in diabetes, reduction in cholesterol level, anti microbial action, hepatoprotective activity etc. Key words: Polycarpaea aurea Wight & Arn

The main aim of this study is to study the phytochemical screening and to evaluate in-vitro anthelminthic activity
of the crude hydroalcoholic leaf extract of MuntingiacalaburaLinn. using Pheretimaposthuma. The plant
material was authenticated by botanist and extracted with hydroalcoholic mixture. Qualitative assay for the
presence of plant phytoconstituents were carried out by following standard procedure. Hydroalcoholic extract
from the leaves of Muntingiacalabura Linn. were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against
Pheretimaposthuma. Six concentrations (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mg/mL) of extract were studied in activity,
which involved the determination of time of paralysis of the worm. The extract shown positive results for the test
of carbohydrates, proteins, sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins. Albendazole (25
mg/mL) is used as a positive control and saline as negative control. The leaf extract exhibited a dose dependent
anthelmintic activity and significant anthelmintic activity was found at highest concentrations of 20 and
25mg/mL. It was concluded from this study that the plant revealed significant anthelmintic activity at
higherconcentrations and the possible mechanism may be due to the precipitation of proteins in the worms by
tannins or impaired glucose uptake.
Key words: in-vitro anthelminthic activity, Pheretimaposthuma, Muntingiacalabura Linn. Hydroalcoholic
extract, Tanins.

The present study has been under taken with main objective of evaluating the aqueous leaf extract of Muntingiacalabura for antispasmodic activity on isolated frog rectum.The plant material was authenticated by botanist and extracted with water. Qualitative assay for the presence of plant phytoconstituents were carried out by following standard procedure. The study was carried out on isolated frog rectum preparations. The aqueous leaf extract of Muntingiacalabura was applied in different doses by cumulative manner without washing the tissue. The extract shown positive results for the test of carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, flavonoids, tanins, saponins and phenolic compounds. The spontaneous contraction of isolated frog rectum preparation were abolished by the leaf extract of Muntingiacalabura, in a concentration dependent manner with IC₁₀₀ value of 966.7± 28.87µg/ml and it is compared with the standard drug verapamil which completely abolished (IC₁₀₀ value) the spontaneous contraction of isolated frog’s rectum preparation at the concentration of 43.33±5.774 µg/mL.

 Key words: Ex-vivo antispasmodic activity, Muntingiacalabura, IC100value, verapamil.

The estimation of Nebivolol and Valsartan was done by RP-HPLC. The assay of Nebivolol and Valsartan was performed with tablets and the % assay was found to be 99.70 and 98.30 which shows that the method is useful for routine analysis. The linearity of Nebivolol and Valsartan was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 0.998. The accuracy limit is the percentage recovery should be in the range of 97.0% - 103.0%. The total recovery was found to be 100.13% and 99.95% for Nebivolol and Valsartan.
Key words: Nebivolol, Valsartan, RP-HPLC

The estimation of Niacin and Simvastatin was done by RP-HPLC. The assay of Niacin and Simvastatin was performed with tablets and the % assay was found to be 99.32 and 99.39 which shows that the method is useful for routine analysis. The linearity of Niacin and Simvastatin was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 0.999, which shows that the method is capable of producing good sensitivity. The method shows precision 0.44 and 0.85 for Niacin and Simvastatin which shows that the method is repeatable. The recovery was found to be 99.95% and 100.15% for Niacin and Simvastatin. The LOD and LOQ for Niacin were found to be 2.96 and 9.96 and LOD and LOQ for Simvastatin was found to be 2.98 and 9.98.
Key Words: RP-HPLC, Niacin, Simvastatin, validation, ICH guidelines